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Date honey, date syrup, date molasses, Debes (, ), or rub (, ; dvash tmarim or סילאן, silan; ) is a thick dark brown, very sweet fruit syrup extracted from dates. It is widely used in Middle Eastern cuisine and Greek cuisine.
First-century Jewish historian Josephus, in his account of the oases of Jericho and the various date varieties grown in this region of Judea, notes that "the better kinds of, when pressed, yield an excellent honey not much inferior in sweetness to other honey." From this same period, remains of an installation identified as a date press used for producing date honey were discovered at the nearby settlement of Qumran.
In Iranian cuisine and Iraqi cuisine cuisine, date syrup is used to sweeten tahini, consumed at breakfast. An alternative is grape syrup.
In Algeria, date syrup is used in desserts such as baghrir.
In the Middle East, date syrup is used for flavoring chicken and potatoes. They are rubbed in date syrup mixed with cardamom, salt, and olive oil, and then rolled in sesame before being fried in olive oil or baked it in the oven as a whole. Date honey is also used as a sauce for stuffed vegetables, such as onions and turnips, and as an ingredient in a semolina cake called basbousa, which gives the cake a honey-like taste.
Bangladesh produces around 20,000 tonnes of date molasses in each year. The Kalkini Upazila region of Bangladesh is famous for its date juice and date molasses.
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